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Cancer genomics is the study of cancer at a genetic level, which involves exploring how cancer cells develop, grow and progress over time.Thyroid cancer starts in the thyroid gland. What is a thyroid? The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. It makes thyroid hormone, which helps to regulate the body's metabolism.
Thyroid cancer is usually detected early on through a routine physical exam or imaging tests such as a thyroid ultrasound or CT scan. The most common thyroid cancer symptoms are a lump or mass in the neck. Other symptoms may include hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and pain in the neck or throat.
Thyroid cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer. Surgery is the most common treatment for all types of thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine therapy may destroy any remaining thyroid cells after surgery. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy sometimes treat more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer.
There are four main types of thyroid cancer, each named after the kind of cell in which cancer first begins:
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of all cases. Follicular thyroid cancer makes up about 10-15% of all cases and is also typically slow-growing. Medullary thyroid cancer is the least common type, making up about 5% of all cases. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most aggressive form and represents less than 5% of all cases.
Thyroid cancer is usually detected early on through a routine physical exam or imaging tests such as a thyroid ultrasound or CT scan. The most common thyroid cancer symptom is a neck lump or mass. The individual may feel or detect this lump during a routine physical exam. Other symptoms of thyroid cancer include hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and pain in the neck or throat.
Thyroid cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer. Surgery is the most common treatment for all types of thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine therapy may destroy any remaining thyroid cells after surgery. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy sometimes treat more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer.
The side effects of thyroid cancer treatment depend on the type and stage of cancer and the kind of treatment received. Treatment side effects can range from mild to severe, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, pain, skin changes, hair loss, and more. A doctor will work with the individual to manage their side effects and help them cope.
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